列寧對資產階級民主的批判及其現(xiàn)實意義
——基于《國家與革命》的文本分析
中圖分類號:D033.3;A82;A226 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2095-6916(2025)16-0053-04
Lenin’s Critique of Bourgeois Democracy and Its Contemporary Significance A Textual Analysis of The State and Revolution
Zhao Miaoli
(School of Marxism,LongdongUniversity,Qingyang 745000)
Abstract:InTheStateandRevolution,Lenincriticizedbourgeoisdemocracywhilecombatingopportunisticprejudicesonhestate, exposingitshypociticalnature.Lnineldthatthedemocraticrepublicisthemostserviceable“politicalshell”capialismcandevise. Universalsufge,eed“aotdillverprdeingalsougeisatasistide everyfewyears,whichfactionoftherulingclasswillrepressandoppressthepeoplefromwithinparliament.Thus,bourgeoisdemocracy “alwaysremains,insubstance,ademocracyforthefew—forthepropertiedclassfortherichalone".Lenin’scritiqueofbourgeois democracyremainsinstructivetoday:itequipsustopenetratethesurfaceofcontemporaryWestedemocracy,fostersasoundsocialist conceptioofdemocracy,upholdsthepeople’sdemocraticdictatorshipastheguaranteeofpopularsovereigntyndstelsoursolveto advancealongthepathof socialistpolitical developmentwith Chinesecharacteristicstoward“ever morecompletedemocracy”.
Keywords:Lenin; The State and Revolution; bourgeois democracy
在帝國主義戰(zhàn)爭及俄國國內革命斗爭的時代背景下,如何對待“國家問題”一直是列寧思考的重要內容,面對以普列漢諾夫等為代表的第二國際理論家們在對待國家問題時表現(xiàn)出的機會主義傾向,列寧在《國家與革命》中全面闡發(fā)了無產階級革命與無產階級專政理論,深刻批判資產階級民主是“殘缺不全的、貧乏的和虛偽的民主”[1]191,并指出資產階級國家雖然形式多樣,但歸根到底一定都是資產階級專政,這有力捍衛(wèi)和堅持了馬克思主義國家學說。(剩余5291字)