氮素形態(tài)及配比對馬鈴生理特性、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響
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中圖分類號：S532 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號： 1000-4440（2025）07-1280-09
Effects of nitrogen forms and ratios on physiological characteristics， yield and quality of potato
HU Xiongliang'， ZHAO Xuerui1， JIAO Shujuan1， ZHANG Ruyan1， WANG Yong1，WANG Xingxing1
ZHANG Weina’，KANG Yichen’，LIU Yuhui2，QIN Shuhao1
（1.CollgefucualUsitGsubfottLanzhou ，China）
Abstract：To investigate theffectsof diferent nitrogen formsandratiosonphysiological traits，tuberyield，a qualityin potato，a field experiment was conducted using Longshu No.17（a late-maturingpotato cultivar）asthe test material. The experiment comprised six treatments：an unfertilized control（CK），urea application（amide nitrogen，T1），ammonium sulfate application（ammonium nitrogen，T2），calcium nitrate application（nitrate nitrogen， T3），a 50：50 combined application of nitrate and ammoniumnitrogen（T4），and a 75：25 combined applicationofnitrateandammoniumnitrogen（T5）.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheeffctsofnitrogenformsandtheirratiosonpotatoleaf photosynthesis，endogenoushormonecontent，keyenzymeactivities innitrogen metabolism，tuber yield，andquality.Resultsindicated thatnitrogen formsandtheirapplicationratiosdiffrentiallyimprovedpotatophotosyntheticperformance. Specifically， the 75：25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen （T5） significantly enhanced stomatal conductance （ Gs ）and icreased zeatin（ZT）content compared to other treatments.Compared to CK，T5 treatment increased indole-3-acetic acid（IAA）and zeatin（ZT） contentsby 119.02% and 132.06% respectively，decreased abscisic acid （ABA）content by 59.80% ，and elevated gibberellin A3 （ GA3 ）content by 8.25% ，while significantly enhancing all key nitrogen metabolism enzymeactivities.Simultaneously，tuber yields under diferent treatments increased by 28.66% to 60.43% compared to CK.These findings demonstrated that nitrogen forms and theirapplication ratios diferentially regulatedendogenous hormonelevelsand keynitrogen-metabolizing enzymeactivities inpotato leaves，enhancingphotosynthetic performance，yield，and quality. The 75：25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen（T5）exhibited the most pronounced growth-promoting effects，delivering optimal tuber yield and quality.
Keywords：potato；nitrogen forms；photosynthesis；endogenous hormones；nitrogen metabolism enzymes；yield; quality
馬鈴薯（SolanumtuberosumL.）是茄科一年生草本植物[1]，因其營養(yǎng)成分齊全、產(chǎn)量高、適應性強等特點被廣泛引種栽培[2]，是中國繼水稻、小麥和玉米之后生產(chǎn)和消費最多的糧食作物之一。（剩余12085字）